An introduction to asthma

Around 5.4 million people in the UK are living with asthma. It can start at any age but often begins in childhood.

There is currently no cure for asthma, but there are simple treatments to help keep symptoms under control. The proper treatment will stop symptoms from having a significant impact on your life.

What is asthma?

Asthma is a condition that affects the airways that carry air in and out of your lungs.

With asthma, the airways are sensitive and inflamed. This causes the muscles to squeeze (contract) and narrow.

The symptoms are:

• Coughing
• Wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe)
• Shortness of breath
• A tight chest, which can feel like a band is tightening around your chest

These symptoms may come and go.

What’s the treatment for asthma?

Asthma is usually treated with medicines. These are most often taken with an inhaler. There are two common types:

Preventer inhaler (to prevent symptoms)

Reliever inhaler (used to reduce symptoms quickly)

If you have asthma, you must take your medicines daily, even if you feel well or have no symptoms. This will reduce your risk of an asthma attack.

Why do I have asthma?

Doctors don't know exactly why some people have asthma. But some things make it more likely. Such as:

• Family history
• Allergies
• Exposure to substances at work (this is called occupational asthma)
• Smoking

What are asthma triggers?

Some things may cause your symptoms to flare up from time to time. These are called asthma triggers.

Everyone has different triggers, but they can include:

• Colds and viruses
• Pets
• Cigarette smoke
• Infections
• Cold weather
• House dust
• Exercise or physical activity
• Stress
• Pollen
• Mould
• Hormonal changes

You may already know what your triggers are. But sometimes, it can take time to work out what makes symptoms worse.

Once you know your triggers, you can take steps to avoid them as best as possible.

It's essential to take your preventer inhaler as prescribed by your healthcare professional. This will help reduce episodes.

How serious is asthma?

Asthma severity varies from person to person. Most people can control their symptoms with good use of their preventer inhaler.

For every type of asthma, there is always the risk of an asthma attack.

What’s an asthma attack?

An asthma attack is a severe worsening of symptoms. This can happen suddenly or build up over a few days.

Asthma attacks can be life-threatening. It’s essential to take action if you notice any signs that your asthma is getting worse.

Reduce your risk by:

• Taking your preventer inhaler regularly as prescribed
• Learn how to use your inhaler correctly
• See your healthcare professional if your asthma isn't under control

Does asthma go away?

There is currently no cure for asthma. But most people can live symptom-free with good management. With the right asthma plan, you can live a full and active life.